The following is a transcription from Anthony Down's book Inside Bureaucracy (1967). I transcribed this excerpt mainly for my benefit and as a reference for future posts.
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Chapter I--Central Hypotheses
Bureaucratic officials (and all other social agents) seek to attain their goals rationally.
Every official is significantly motivated by his own self-interest even when acting in a purely official capacity.
Every organization's social functions strongly influence its internal structure, and vice versa.
The Laws
Law of Increasing Conservatism. All organizations tend to become more conservative as they become older, unless they experience periods of very rapid growth or internal turnover. (Chapter II.)
Law of Hierarchy. Coordination of large-scale activities without markets requires a hierarchical authority structure. (Chapter VI.)
Law of Increasing Conservism. In every bureau, there is a inherent pressure upon the vast majority of officials to become conservers in the long run. (Chapter IX.)
Law of Imperfect Control. No one can fully control the behavior of a large organization. (Chapter XI.)
Law of Diminishing Control. The larger any organization becomes, the weaker is the control over its actions exercised by those at the top. (Chapter XI.)
Law of Decreasing Coordination. The larger any organization becomes, the poorer is the coordination among its actions. (Chapter XI.)
Law of Control Duplication. Any attempt to control one large organization tends to generate another. (Chapter XII.)
Law of Ever Expanding Control. The quantity and detail of reporting required by monitoring bureaus tends to rise steadily over time, regardless of the amount or nature of the activity being monitored. (Chapter XII.)
Law of Counter Control. The greater the effort made by a sovereign or top-level official to control the behavior of subordinate officials, the greater the efforts made by those subordinates to evade or counteract such control. (Chapter XII.)
Law of Free Goods. Requests for free services always rise to meet the capacity of the producing agency. (Chapter XV.)
Law of Non-Money Pricing. Organizations that cannot charge money for their services must develop nonmonetary costs to impose on their clients as a means of rationing their outputs. (Chapter XV.)
Law of Progress Through Imperialism. The desire to aggrandize breeds innovation. (Chapter XVI.)
Law of Self-Serving Loyalty. All officials exhibit relatively strong loyalty to the organization controlling their job security and promotion. (Chapter XVII.)
Law of Interorganizational Conflict. Every large organization is in partial conflict with every other social agent it deals with. (Chapter XVII.)
Law of Countervailing Goal Pressures. The need for variety and innovation creates a strain toward greater goal diversity in every organization, but the need for control and coordination creates a strain toward great goal consensus. (Chapter XVIII.)
